original issue as a TEMPORARY FILE — WORK IN PROGRESS © April 2006
reissued Gallery Exhibit
© November 2006
Reproduction only for non-commercial use.
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Gallery Exhibit, Catalog Nos. 89 & 90 & 91
& 92 & 93 & 94 & 95 & 96 & 97 & 98 & 99

EXHIBIT 3 of 3
Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie, 1888
< Plate IX (facing page 122)
Engraving of a Singapore streetscene in the bustling Boatquay district
(which ran from the battery along the shores of the Singapore river); after a pasteboard-and-paper model by an anonymous Chinese artist
(unedited image scanned at 200 dpi; no color correction)

Illustration for “A Singapore Streetscene” by G. Schlegel, professor at Leiden University. Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie 1 (1888): 121–129.

Attribution:
“ex coll. Mus. Ethnogr. Lugd. Bat.”

Notes:
The author states that three-fourths of the entire shipping business of Singapore (“given up in full sovereignty and property to the East-India company, their heirs and successors, for ever” by the sultan of Johore in August 1824) was in the late 19th century effected from the area known as the Boatquay: “... from morning till night huge cases, casks and bales, as well as machinery and ironworks are landed; whilst the boats, after having discharged their cargo, are immediately filled up again with bales of gambier, bundles of rattans, bags or cases of sago and tapioca, pepper and spices, to be exported to all ports of the world.” And the Chinese artist “has combined to bring together nearly every variety of scene found in this part of the town.”
Schlegel gives a detailed explication of the various Boatquay figures and activities captured in the engraving, using a numbered key printed separately on a tissue-paper overlay. Especially fascinating is his closing description of the Chinese signboards and house sentences pictured here. Schlegel begins this section on Boatquay trademarks by noting that “An interesting figure has been omitted by the Chinese artist, viz. the public letter-writer or penny-a-liner. They are always to be seen in the mornings seated quietly at their desks in the street, on which several quires of Chinese paper are piled. They are ready to do anything in the line of writing: either a homeletter from an affectionate son or husband to his mother of wife, or to compose an antithetical sentence for the ornamental scrolls suspended above and alongside the entrances of the Chinese shops and houses. ¶ These inscriptions are a source of annoyance to sinologists in general. Apparently they look so very simple and innocuous that it would seem the easiest thing in the world to enlighten a curious questioner as to their meaning and purport. But the contrary is true, and so many a sinologue of sound learning has been set down as an ignoramus by the vulgar herd, because he was not able to translate and interpret at first sight one of these inscriptions. Generally they have a very far fetched meaning, and for the most part are neither understood by the owner who pastes them upon the lintels and door-posts of his house, nor by the writer who wrote them. Most of them being hackneyed sentences learnt by rote, and copied out mechanically. We will, therefore, give a detailed description of the inscriptions found in our model; and the numerous notes and elucidations we will have to give to them, will show that what we have said above is true and correct.”

View an enlarged 1950 x 1539 pixel JPG image (940KB)

Printed tracing-paper overlay to Plate IX
Numbered key (with 24 callouts)

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< Plate X (facing page 130)
untitled

(unedited image scanned at 200 dpi; no color correction)

Illustration for “Ueber verschiedene weniger bekannte opfergebräuche bei den oloh ngadju in Borneo” by F. Grabowsky. Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie 1 (1888): 130–134.

Attribution:
“Auctor del.”

Notes:
This is one of 3 grayscale plates in the 1888 volume (the other two being Plates VI and VIa).

View an enlarged 1550 x 1920 pixel JPG image (769KB)

< Plate XI (facing page 146)
untitled

(unedited image scanned at 200 dpi; no color correction)

Illustration for “Ethnographisches aus Mekka” by C. Snouk Hurgronje, lector an der Universität zu Leiden. Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie 1 (1888): 146–154.

Attribution:
“ex coll. auct.”

Notes:
Fig. 1: Ghèllajah / Wasserkrug
Fig. 2: Dauraq / Krug für Zemzemwasser
Fig. 3: Shèrbah / Vasenförmiger Wasserkrug
Fig. 4: Ibriq / Wasserkanne
Fig. 5: Shèrbah / Wasserkrug
Fig. 6: Shèrbah / Glatter vasenförmiger Wasserkrug
Fig. 7: Qullah / Vasenförmiger Wasserkrug
Fig. 8: Rub‘i / Vasenförmiger Wasserkrug
Fig. 9: Kanun / Kohlenfass, aus röthlichem Thon
Fig. 10: Mènqèl / Becherförmiger, irdenes Becken
Fig. 11: Shèrbah / Kaffeekrug der Beduinen
Fig. 12: Shèrbah / Kaffeekrug der Beduinen
Fig. 13: Findjan / Kaffeenäpfchen der Beduinen
Fig. 14: Muscht haqq èr-ridjal / Männerkamm
Fig. 15: Muscht haqq èl-harim / Frauenkamm
Fig. 16: Hölzernes Einziehestäbchen
Fig. 17: Mibcharah / Weihrauchbecken
Fig. 18: Marassch / Vase von Milchglas
Fig. 19: Qèdah / Trinkschale von braunem Holz

View an enlarged 1530 x 1875 pixel JPG image (575KB)

< Plate XII (facing page 148)
untitled

(unedited image scanned at 200 dpi; no color correction)

Illustration for “Ethnographisches aus Mekka” by C. Snouk Hurgronje, lector an der Universität zu Leiden. Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie 1 (1888): 146–154.

Attribution:
“ex coll. auct.”

Notes:
Fig. 1: Zèmbil / Marktkörbchen
Fig. 2: Mèknasah / Teppichbesen
Fig. 3: Mekabbah / Hutförmiger Deckel
Fig. 4: Quffah / Cylinderförmiges Körbchen
Figs. 5 and 5a: Mèrwahah oder Merohah / Vierseitiger Fächer
Fig. 6: Qubqab / Hölzerner Stelzschuh
Fig. 7: Madas mèkkawi / Mekkanische Sandale
Fig. 8: Madas Mèdeni / Medinensische Sandale
Fig. 9: Kursi / Achteckiges Tischchen
Fig. 10: Kursi / Vierseitiger Tisch
Fig. 11: Rahl / Lesepult
Fig. 12: Rahl / Lesepult
Fig. 13: Qalaç / Lederne Makler-Tasche

View an enlarged 1560 x 1900 pixel JPG image (730KB)

< Plate XIII (facing page 150)
untitled

(unedited image scanned at 200 dpi; no color correction)

Illustration for “Ethnographisches aus Mekka” by C. Snouk Hurgronje, lector an der Universität zu Leiden. Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie 1 (1888): 146–154.

Attribution:
“ex coll. auct.”

Notes:
Fig. 1: Schèrbah / Hölzerner vasenförmiger Krug mit Deckel
Fig. 2: Schèrbah / Hölzerner Wasserkrug
Fig. 3: Barradijjeh / Hölzerner Wasserkrug
Fig. 4: Barradijjeh / Hölzerner Wasserkrug
Fig. 5: Huqq / Hölzerne Dose
Fig. 6: Kas oder Kasah / Hölzerner Trinkbecher
Fig. 7: Huqq / Kugelförmige Dose
Fig. 8: Qaçabah / Hölzernes Gestell

View an enlarged 1470 x 1956 pixel JPG image (747KB)

< Plate XIV (facing page 152)
untitled

(unedited image scanned at 200 dpi; no color correction)

Illustration for “Ethnographisches aus Mekka” by C. Snouk Hurgronje, lector an der Universität zu Leiden. Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie 1 (1888): 146–154.

Attribution:
“ex coll. auct.”

Notes:
Fig. 1: Schèrbah / Hölzerner Wasserkrug
Fig. 2: Rub‘i / Hölzerner Wasserkrug
Fig. 3: Mèschrab / Hölzerner Becher
Fig. 4: Huqq / Hölzerne Dose
Fig. 5: Tasah oder Mèschrab / Hölzerner Trinkbecher
Figs. 6 and 7: Zarf / Kaffeebecher
Fig. 8: Kasah / Becher mit Deckel
Fig. 9: Mèschrab / Messingene Trinkschüssel
Fig. 10: Schischah / Wasserpfeife
Fig. 11: Elf silber-vergoldete Amulete
Fig. 12: Subhah / Rosenkranz

View an enlarged 1530 x 1934 pixel JPG image (759KB)

< Plate XV (facing page 154)
untitled

(unedited image scanned at 200 dpi; no color correction)

Illustration for “Dubbel masker met veeren kleed uit Cabinda” by L. Serrurier, directeur van ’s Rijks Ethnographisch Museum te Leiden. Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie 1 (1888): 154–159.

Attribution:
“ex coll. Mus. Ethnogr. Lugd. Bat.”

Notes:
Placeholder text.

View an enlarged 1860 x 1549 pixel JPG image (713KB)

< Plate XVI (facing page 188)
untitled

(unedited image scanned at 200 dpi; no color correction)

Illustration for “Das betelkauen bei den malaiischen völkern, besonders auf Java und Borneo” by F. Grabowsky. Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie 1 (1888): 188–191.

Attribution:
“Auctor del.”

Notes:
Placeholder text.

View an enlarged 1550 x 1959 pixel JPG image (654KB)

< Plate XVIII (facing page 218)
untitled

(unedited image scanned at 200 dpi; no color correction)

Illustration for “Een en ander over de bewoners der menta wei-eilanden” by H. von Rosenberg, ’sGravenhage. Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie 1 (1888): 218–219.

Attribution:
“auctor del.”

Notes:
Figs. 1 and 2: Tatoueeringsinstrument.
Fig. 3: Man van Pora.
Fig. 4: Vrouw van Pora.
Fig. 5: Getatoueerde hand, Seijbi.
Fig. 6: Getatoueerde hand, Pora.
Fig. 7: Voorhoofdstatoueering.
Fig. 8: Voorzijde van een groot huis.
Fig. 9: Oorlogsvaartuig.

View an enlarged 1560 x 1949 pixel JPG image (694KB)

< Plate XIX (facing page 220)
untitled

(unedited image scanned at 200 dpi; no color correction)

Illustration for “Ueber die Herstellung einiger Ethnographica der Gegend Finschhafen’s (Kaiserwilhelmsland)” by Dr. O. Schellong, Königsberg i/Pr. Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie 1 (1888): 220–222.

Attribution:
“ex coll. mus. ethnogr. Berolinensis”

Notes:
Fig. 1: lepong
Fig. 2: tong-tong
Fig. 3: Stein
Fig. 4: Kalebasse
Figs. 5 and 6: po tarlu
Fig. 7: “Wenn man das der Länge nach gefaltete Tuch durch den Mund gleiten lässt, kommen die rothen Längsstreifen heraus, siehe Fig. 7”
Fig. 8: “die rothen Tüpfelchen dagegen, wenn man das quer gelegte Tuch kurz anbeisst, siehe Fig. 8”
Fig. 9: “Das Material dazu liefert der Panzer einer kleineren Schildkrötensorte (pinipinn). Ein Stück Schildpatt wird in heissem Wasser flach gebogen und nachdem es getrocknet ist, mittelst eines primitiven Muschelbohrers, Fig. 9, angebohrt.”
Figs. 10 and 11: “Ist eine bestimmte Anzahl von Löchern vorhanden, so wird die Schildpatt-Platte, Fig. 10, mittelst eines Muschelmessers, Fig. 11, in ebenso viele Stücke getheilt als Löcher vorhanden. Man verfährt dabei ähnlich der Glasschneiderei, indem das eingeritzte Stück abgebröchen wird.”
Figs. 12–15: “Jedes so abgetrennte Schildpattstück, Fig. 12, mit dem Loch in der Mitte, stellt das Anfangsstadium des einzelnen Ringes dar. Man steckt diese Stückchen über einander aut kleine Hölzchen, Fig. 13, und arbeitet dieselben von der Peripherie nach dem Centrum zu allmählig ab. Dabei leistet ein glimmendes Holzscheit gute Dienste, an welchen die Stückchen unter fortwährendem Anblasen allmählig verkohlt und dadurch eingeengt werden. Die verkohlte Peripherie wird sodann auf einem ganz gewöhnlichen Korallenstein abgeschliffen, die Verkohlung sodann nochmals vorgenommen, abermals abgeschliffen u. s. f., bis die annährend fertigen, Fig. 14, Ringe abgestreift und einzeln nachpolirt werden. Es erübrigt zum Schlusse nur noch, jeden einzelnen Ring an seiner Peripherie mittelst eines Meissels, Fig. 15, leicht einzuspalten, um denselben dem Ohrläppchen aufstecken zu können.”

View an enlarged 1550 x 1943 pixel JPG image (715KB)

< Plate XXI (facing page 224)
untitled

(unedited image scanned at 200 dpi; no color correction)

Illustration for “Beitrag zur ethnographie von Surinam” by H. Ten Kate, ’sGravenhage. Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie 1 (1888): 223–227.

Attribution:
“ex coll. Mus. Ethnogr. Lugd. Bat.”

Notes:
Fig. 1: Kappe.
Fig. 2: Fächer.
Fig. 3: Fächer.
Fig. 4: Kopfring.
Figs. 5–7: Armring.
Fig. 8: Flöte.
Fig. 9: Geräth für das Abrunden der Pfeilschäfte.
Fig. 10: Kleine rohe Holzkeule.
Fig. 11: Platte, kleine Keule.
Figs. 12–17: Töpfereigeräthe.
Fig. 18: Geräthschaft zur Erzeugung von Feuer.
Figs. 19a and 19b: Spielzeug der Arowakenknaben.
Fig. 20: Viereckige Jagdtasche.
Fig. 21: Hölzerner Frauensitzschemel.
Fig. 22: Wochenkalender der Caraiben.
Fig. 23: Wochenkalender der Arowaken.

View an enlarged 1580 x 1937 pixel JPG image (649KB)

COLOR PRINTING IN 1888 >  exhibit 1 of 3 | exhibit 2 of 3 | exhibit 3 of 3
Related Links

• related GALLERY exhibit on Powhatan’s mantle (includes 3 images of Powhatan’s buckskin cloak, with its shell-bead map of the Powhatan confederacy)

• entry for colored photographic image of Powhatan’s mantle in the Gallery Catalog (No. 63)

• entry for black-and-white photographic image of Powhatan’s mantle in the Gallery Catalog (No. 63a)

• GALLERY exhibit on the first printed process color chart (shows RYB color blends), published in the scientific journal, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, in 1686

• starting bibliography for the study of 19th-century lithography, especially as used to illustrate scholarly books and journals

• external link to Wikipedia article on lithography

• external link to MoMA’s “What is a Print?” page

• external link to pictures in the Wikimedia Commons showing actual stone plates and lithographic printing presses

• external link to Randal Hunting’s visual comparison of details from lithographic, traditional halftone, and inkjet prints

• external link to the Queensland Government’s “Virtual Museum” on cartography and the reproduction of maps, with “description of the use of ‘dragon’s blood’ as a way of transferring an image from one lithographic stone to another”

• external link to online exhibit, The Great Basin: The 1883 Fieldwork and Collection of Herman ten Kate. Ten Kate, a contributor to vol. 1 of Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie in 1888 (plate XXI illustrated his article, “Beitrag zur ethnographie von Surinam”), was a keen critic of the accuracy plus artistic merit of lithographic representations, as used by himself and by others for ethnographic and topographical studies.

• external link to InfoDesign Café discussion list

• external link to MapHist discussion list


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